Rujukan Bahasa Manusia Purba

Nota

  1. ↑ Mcwhorter, John (4 September 2020). "How are the Various Proto-World Families Linked?". The Proto-World language, also known as the Proto-Human or Proto-Sapiens, is believed to be the single source of origin of all the world’s languages.
  2. ↑ "American Sign Language". Text "communications" ignored (bantuan); Text "Britannica" ignored (bantuan)
  3. 1 2 3 Meritt Ruhlen; John Bengtson (1994). "Global etymologies". On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggeris). m/s. 277–336. Dicapai pada 27 June 2020.
  4. ↑ Used by the Harold Fleming (2003) and John Bengtson (2007).
  5. 1 2 Ruhlen, Meritt (1994). The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  6. ↑ Trombetti, Alfredo (1905). L'unità d'origine del linguaggio (dalam bahasa Itali). Bologna: Luigi Beltrami.
  7. 1 2 Trombetti, Alfredo (1922–1923). Elementi di glottologia (dalam bahasa Itali). Bologna: Zanichelli.
  8. ↑ de Saussure, Ferdinand (1986) [1916]. Cours de linguistique générale [Course in General Linguistics] (dalam bahasa Perancis). Diterjemahkan oleh Harris, Roy. Chicago: Open Court.
  9. ↑ Greenberg, Joseph H. (1987). Language in the Americas. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  10. ↑ Johanna Nichols, 1998. The origin and dispersal of languages: Linguistic evidence. In Nina Jablonski and Leslie C. Aiello, eds., The Origin and Diversification of Language, pp. 127-70. (Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 24.) San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
  11. ↑ Quentin D. Atkinson (15 Apr 2011). "Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language Expansion from Africa". Science. 332 (6027): 346–349. Bibcode:2011Sci...332..346A. doi:10.1126/science.1199295. PMID 21493858.
  12. ↑ Michael Balter (14 April 2011). "Language May Have Helped Early Humans Spread Out of Africa". Science. Dicapai pada 13 August 2021.
  13. ↑ Perreault, C.; Mathew, S. (2012). "Dating the origin of language using phonemic diversity". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35289. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735289P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035289. PMC 3338724. PMID 22558135.
  14. ↑ Hunley, Keith; Bowern, Claire; Healy, Meghan (2 January 2012). "Rejection of a serial founder effects model of genetic and linguistic coevolution". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 279 (1736): 2281–2288. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2296. PMC 3321699. PMID 22298843.

    Bowern, Claire (November 2011). "Out of Africa? The logic of phoneme inventories and founder effects". Linguistic Typology. 15 (2): 207–216. doi:10.1515/lity.2011.015. ISSN 1613-415X. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (bantuan)
  15. ↑ Campbell & Poser (2008:391)
  16. ↑ CARTA: The Origin of Us -- Christopher Ehret: Relationships of Ancient African Languages. August 1, 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2021-12-11.
  17. ↑ Velasquez-Manoff, Moises (19 July 2007). "Linguists seek a time when we spoke as one". Christian Science Monitor. Dicapai pada 18 May 2018.
  18. 1 2 3 Ruhlen, Meritt (1994). The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue. New York: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 9780471159636. Dicapai pada 27 June 2020.
  19. ↑ Bickerton, Derek (1981). Roots of Language. Ann Arbor: Karoma. ISBN 9783946234104.
  20. ↑ Givón, Talmy (1979). On Understanding Grammar. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-285451-4.
  21. ↑ Gell-Mann, Murray; Ruhlen, Merritt (2011). "The origin and evolution of word order". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (42): 17290–17295. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10817290G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1113716108. PMC 3198322. PMID 21987807.
  22. ↑ Hammarström, Harald (2015). "The Basic Word Order Typology: An Exhaustive Study" (PDF). www.eva.mpg.de. Max Planck Institute. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2022-08-11. Dicapai pada 2023-05-02.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  23. ↑ Campbell & Poser (2008:370–372)
  24. ↑ Campbell & Poser (2008:393)

    Sumber

     

    • Bengtson, John D. 2007. "On fossil dinosaurs and fossil words".
    • Campbell, Lyle, and William J. Poser. 2008. Language Classification: History and Method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • Edgar, Blake (March–April 2008). "Letter from South Africa". Archaeology. 61 (2). Dicapai pada 5 November 2018.
    • Gell-Mann, Murray and Merritt Ruhlen. 2003. "The origin and evolution of syntax"[pautan mati]. (Also: HTML version[pautan mati].)
    • Givón, Talmy. 1979. On Understanding Grammar. New York: Academic Press.
    • Greenberg, Joseph. 1963. "Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements". In Universals of Language, edited by Joseph Greenberg, Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 58–90. (In second edition of Universals of Language, 1966: pp. 73–113.)
    • Greenberg, Joseph H. 1966. The Languages of Africa, revised edition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. (Published simultaneously at The Hague by Mouton & Co.)
    • Greenberg, Joseph H. 1971. "The Indo-Pacific hypothesis". Reprinted in Joseph H. Greenberg, Genetic Linguistics: Essays on Theory and Method, edited by William Croft, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
    • Greenberg, Joseph H. 2000–2002. Indo-European and Its Closest Relatives: The Eurasiatic Language Family. Volume 1: Grammar. Volume 2: Lexicon. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • Klein, Richard G. and Blake Edgar. 2002. The Dawn of Human Culture. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    • McDougall, Ian; Brown, Francis H.; Fleagle, John G. (2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–736. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. PMID 15716951. S2CID 1454595.
    • Nandi, Owi Ivar. 2012. Human Language Evolution, as Coframed by Behavioral and Psychological Universalisms, Bloomington: iUniverse Publishers.
    • Wells, Spencer. 2007. Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic.
    • White, Tim D.; Asfaw, B.; DeGusta, D.; Gilbert, H.; Richards, G.D.; Suwa, G.; Howell, F.C. (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–747. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. PMID 12802332. S2CID 4432091.

    Rujukan

    WikiPedia: Bahasa Manusia Purba https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/how-are-the-v... https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Sign-Lan... http://www.cecuritec.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/201... http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/MTLR-34b... https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...332..3... https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1199295 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21493858 https://www.science.org/content/article/language-m... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC33387... https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...7352...